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      <div class="refnamediv">
        <h2>
          <span class="refentrytitle">harmon2</span>
        </h2>
        <p>harmon2 — 
      Analyze an audio input and generate harmonizing voices in
      synchrony with formants preserved.
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp113825184"></a>
        <h2>Description</h2>
        <p>
      Generate harmonizing voices with formants preserved.
   </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp113826368"></a>
        <h2>Syntax</h2>
        <pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>harmon2</strong></span> asig, koct, kfrq1, kfrq2, icpsmode, ilowest[, ipolarity]</pre>
        <pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>harmon3</strong></span> asig, koct, kfrq1, \
    kfrq2, kfrq3, icpsmode, ilowest[, ipolarity]</pre>
        <pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>harmon4</strong></span> asig, koct, kfrq1, \
    kfrq2, kfrq3, kfrq4, icpsmode, ilowest[, ipolarity]</pre>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp113904480"></a>
        <h2>Initialization</h2>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>icpsmode</em></span> -- interpreting mode for the
	generating frequency inputs <span class="emphasis"><em>kfrq1</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>kfrq2</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>kfrq3</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>kfrq4</em></span>:
	0: input values are ratios w.r.t. the cps equivalent of <span class="emphasis"><em>koct</em></span>.
	1: input values are the actual requested frequencies in cps.
    </p>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>ilowest</em></span> -- lowest value of the <span class="emphasis"><em>koct</em></span> input for which harmonizing voices will be generated.
    </p>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>ipolarity</em></span> -- polarity of <span class="emphasis"><em>asig</em></span> input, 1 = positive glottal pulses, 0 = negative. Default is 1.
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp113911104"></a>
        <h2>Performance</h2>
        <p>
      <span class="command"><strong>Harmon2</strong></span>, <span class="command"><strong>harmon3</strong></span>
      and <span class="command"><strong>harmon4</strong></span> are high-performance harmonizers,
      able to provide up to four pitch-shifted copies of the input
      <span class="emphasis"><em>asig</em></span> with spectral formants preserved. The
      pitch-shifting algorithm requires an accurate running estimate
      (<span class="emphasis"><em>koct</em></span>, in decimal oct units) of the pitched
      content of <span class="emphasis"><em>asig</em></span>, normally gained from an
      independent pitch tracker such as <span class="emphasis"><em>specptrk</em></span>.
      The algorithm then isolates the most recent full pulse
      within <span class="emphasis"><em>asig</em></span>, and uses this to generate the
      other voices at their required pulse rates.
    </p>
        <p>
      If the frequency (or ratio) presented
      to <span class="emphasis"><em>kfrq1</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>kfrq2</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>kfrq3</em></span>
      or <span class="emphasis"><em>kfrq4</em></span> is zero, then no signal is
      generated for that voice.  If any of them is non-zero, but
      the <span class="emphasis"><em>koct</em></span> input is below the
      value <span class="emphasis"><em>ilowest</em></span>, then that voice will output
      a direct copy of the input <span class="emphasis"><em>asig.</em></span>  As a
      consequence, the data arriving at the k-rate inputs can
      variously cause the generated voices to be turned on or off, to
      pass a direct copy of a non-voiced fricative source, or to
      harmonize the source according to some constructed algorithm.
      The transition from one mode to another is cross-faded, giving
      seemless alternating between voiced (harmonized) and non-voiced
      fricatives during spoken or sung input. 
    </p>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>harmon2</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>harmon3</em></span>, 
      <span class="emphasis"><em>harmon4</em></span> are especially matched to the output
      of <span class="emphasis"><em>specptrk</em></span>.  The latter generates pitch
      data in decimal octave format; it also emits its base value if
      no pitch is identified (as in fricative noise) and emits zero if
      the energy falls below a threshold, so
      that <span class="emphasis"><em>harmon2</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>harmon3</em></span>, 
      <span class="emphasis"><em>harmon4</em></span> can be set to pass the direct
      signal in both cases.  Of course, any other form of pitch
      estimation could also be used.  Since pitch trackers usually
      incur a slight delay for accurate estimation
      (for <span class="emphasis"><em>specptrk</em></span> the delay is printed by the
      <span class="emphasis"><em>spectrum</em></span> unit), it is normal to delay the audio signal by the
      same amount so that <span class="emphasis"><em>harmon2</em></span>, 
      <span class="emphasis"><em>harmon3</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>harmon4</em></span>
      can work from a fully concurrent estimate.
     </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp113927408"></a>
        <h2>Examples</h2>
        <p>
      Here is an example of the harmon2 opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/harmon.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">harmon.csd</em></a>.

      </p>
        <div class="example">
          <a id="idp113929264"></a>
          <p class="title">
            <strong>Example 363. Example of the harmon2 opcode.</strong>
          </p>
          <div class="example-contents">
            <pre class="programlisting">
a1,a2      <span class="opc">ins</span>                                     <span class="comment">; get mic input</span>
w1         <span class="opc">spectrum</span>  a1, .02, 7, 24, 12, 1, 3      <span class="comment">; and examine it</span>
koct,kamp  <span class="opc">specptrk</span>  w1, 1, 6.5, 9.5, 7.5, 10, 7, .7, 0, 3, 1
a3         <span class="opc">delay</span>     a1, .065                      <span class="comment">; allow for ptrk delay</span>
a4         <span class="opc">harmon2</span>   a3, koct, 1.25, 0.75, 0, 6.9  <span class="comment">; output a fixed 6-4 harmony</span>
           <span class="opc">outs</span>      a3, a4                        <span class="comment">; as well as the original</span></pre>
          </div>
        </div>
        <p><br class="example-break" />
    </p>
        <p>
      Here is a complete example of the harmon3 opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/harmon3.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">harmon3.csd</em></a>.
      </p>
        <div class="example">
          <a id="idp113939744"></a>
          <p class="title">
            <strong>Example 364. Example of the harmon3 opcode.</strong>
          </p>
          <div class="example-contents">
            <p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsoundSynthesizer&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsOptions&gt;</span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac     <span class="comment">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="comment">;-iadc    ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o harmon3.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsOptions&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsInstruments&gt;</span>

<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span>  <span class="op">=</span> 1

<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1

ilow <span class="op">=</span> p4					<span class="comment">;lowest value to harmonize			</span>
aout <span class="opc">diskin2</span> "sing.wav", 1, 0, 1
koct, kamp <span class="opc">pitch</span> aout, .01, 6, 10, 10		<span class="comment">;track pitch</span>
asig <span class="opc">harmon3</span> aout, koct, .9, 1.5, 0.7, 0, ilow
     <span class="opc">outs</span> (asig <span class="op">+</span> aout)<span class="op">*</span>.4, (asig <span class="op">+</span> aout)<span class="op">*</span>.4	<span class="comment">;mix dry&amp;wet signal</span>

<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsInstruments&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsScore&gt;</span>

<span class="stamnt">i</span>1 0 2.2 8.8
<span class="stamnt">i</span>1 3 2.2 8.2
<span class="stamnt">i</span>1 6 2.2 7.0

<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsScore&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsoundSynthesizer&gt;</span>
</pre>
          </div>
        </div>
        <p><br class="example-break" />
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp113944032"></a>
        <h2>Credits</h2>
        <p>
      </p>
        <table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist">
          <tr>
            <td>Author: Barry L. Vercoe</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>M.I.T., Cambridge, Mass</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>2006</td>
          </tr>
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        <p>
    </p>
        <p>New in version 5.04</p>
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